Kwambara-kwambara bisobanura kwihanganira guterana amagambo.

Kwambara
Kwambara-kwambara bisobanura kwihanganira guterana amagambo.

ibisobanuro:
Nubwoko bushya bwibikoresho bifite amashanyarazi yihariye, magnetiki, optique, acoustic, ubushyuhe, ubukanishi, imiti n’ibinyabuzima
Intangiriro
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bidashobora kwihanganira kwambara nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha.Hashyizweho itsinda rinini ry’inganda zikorana buhanga mu buhanga, rifite isoko ryagutse cyane kandi rifite akamaro gakomeye.Ibikoresho birwanya kwambara birashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho bya optoelectronic, ibikoresho bya sensor, ibikoresho byamakuru, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho by’ibidukikije, ibikoresho byingufu, nibikoresho byubwenge (ubwenge) ukurikije imikorere yabyo.Kubera ko twabonye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nkicyiciro cyihariye cyibikoresho bishya, ibikoresho bishya birwanya kwambara bivugwa hano ni ibikoresho nyamukuru birwanya kwambara bitari ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

Ingaruka
Ibikoresho bidashobora kwambara ni ishingiro ryibikoresho bishya kandi bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere no gushyigikira iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rinini.Mu rwego rwibikoresho bishya ku isi ubushakashatsi, ibikoresho birwanya kwambara bingana na 85%.Hamwe niterambere rya societe yamakuru, ibikoresho bidasanzwe birwanya kwambara bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere no gushyigikira iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rinini.Nibikoresho byingenzi mubice byubuhanga buhanitse nk'amakuru, ibinyabuzima, ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije, n'umwanya mu kinyejana cya 21.Babaye ibihugu kwisi yose.Ibyibandwaho mubushakashatsi niterambere mubijyanye nibikoresho bishya nabwo ni ihuriro ry’amarushanwa akomeye mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi.

Ubushakashatsi
Urebye umwanya wingenzi wibikoresho bidashobora kwangirika, ibihugu byo kwisi yose biha agaciro kanini ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho bidashobora kwambara.Mu 1989, abahanga b'Abanyamerika barenga 200 banditse raporo ya “Science Science and Materials Engineering mu myaka ya za 90”, bavuga ko 5 mu bwoko 6 bw'ibikoresho bishyigikiwe na leta ari ibikoresho bidashobora kwambara.Ibikoresho bidasanzwe birwanya kwambara hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibicuruzwa byagize uruhare runini muri raporo ya “American National Key Technology”, yavuguruwe buri myaka ibiri kuva 1995 kugeza 2001. Mu 2001, Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwa karindwi y’ikoranabuhanga yasohowe na Minisiteri y’uburezi, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi kuri politiki y’umuco, siporo, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga cyashyize ku rutonde ingingo 100 zingenzi zerekeye ejo hazaza.Kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cyinsanganyamatsiko zari ibikoresho bishya cyangwa ingingo zishingiye ku iterambere ryibikoresho bishya, kandi ibyinshi muri byo ni ibikoresho birwanya kwambara.Gahunda ya gatandatu y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Porogaramu y’igihugu ya Koreya yepfo yashyizemo ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho bidashobora kwambara nkimwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi muri gahunda zabo zigezweho zo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ritange inkunga y'ingenzi.Ibihugu byose byibanda ku ruhare rw’ibikoresho bidashobora kwambara mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu cyabo, kubungabunga umutekano w’igihugu, kuzamura ubuzima bw’abaturage no kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage.

Ibyiciro
Gutondekanya ibicuruzwa bidashobora kwambara
Urebye uburyo bwo gusaba, ibicuruzwa birinda kwambara birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: birinda kwambara hejuru kandi birwanya imashini.Byakoreshejwe cyane mu ruganda rw’umupira mu birombe bya metallurgiki, ibikoresho byo kubaka sima, kubyara ingufu z'amashanyarazi, gusohora gazi ya flux, ibikoresho bya magnetiki, imiti, amazi y’amakara, pellet, slag, ifu ya ultra-nziza, isazi, karisiyumu karubone, umucanga wa quartz nizindi nganda .