Ibikoresho byangiritse
igitekerezo:
Icyiciro cyibikoresho bidakoreshwa muburyo bwa metallic hamwe na retractoritari munsi ya 1580 ° C.Kuvunika bivuga ubushyuhe bwa selisiyusi aho icyitegererezo cya cone cyananiwe kurwanya ibikorwa byubushyuhe bwo hejuru bitoroheje kandi bishonga mugihe nta mutwaro uremereye.Nyamara, igisobanuro cyokunanirwa ntigishobora gusobanura neza ibikoresho byangiritse, kandi 1580 ° C ntabwo byuzuye.Ubu byasobanuwe nkibikoresho byose bifite umubiri nubumara byemerera gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru byitwa ibikoresho byo kwanga.Ibikoresho bivunika bikoreshwa cyane mubyuma, inganda zikora imiti, peteroli, gukora imashini, silikatike, ingufu nizindi nganda.Nibinini mu nganda zibyuma, bingana na 50% kugeza 60% byumusaruro wose.
Ingaruka:
Ibikoresho bivunika bikoreshwa mubice bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu nkibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer, ikirahure, sima, ubukerarugendo, peteroli, imashini, amashyiga, inganda zoroheje, amashanyarazi, inganda za gisirikare, nibindi, kandi nibikoresho byingenzi kuri kwemeza imikorere yumusaruro niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryinganda zavuzwe haruguru.Ifite uruhare runini kandi rudasimburwa mugutezimbere umusaruro wubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Kuva mu 2001, bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nk’icyuma n’ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite amabara, peteroli, n’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, inganda zikora inganda zagumanye umuvuduko mwiza w’iterambere kandi zabaye n’umusaruro ukomeye kandi wohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu isi.Mu mwaka wa 2011, Ubushinwa bwakoresheje inganda zingana na 65% by'isi yose, kandi umusaruro n'ibicuruzwa byagiye biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.
Iterambere ryinganda zikora inganda zifitanye isano rya hafi no kugumana umutungo wamabuye yimbere.Bauxite, magnesite na grafite nibikoresho bitatu byingenzi byo kwanga.Ubushinwa ni kimwe mu bihugu bitatu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu mahanga bauxite, ibigega byinshi ku isi bya magnesite, kandi byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga.Umutungo ukungahaye washyigikiye Ubushinwa ibikoresho byangiritse mumyaka icumi yiterambere ryihuse.
Hamwe nigihe cya "Gahunda ya cumi na kabiri yimyaka itanu", Ubushinwa bwihutisha kurandura ingufu zashaje kandi zitwara ingufu nyinshi.Inganda zizibanda ku iterambere no guteza imbere itanura rishya rizigama ingufu, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryuzuye rizigama ingufu, imicungire y’ingufu, kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya “imyanda itatu” no gukoresha umutungo w’imyanda “itatu”, n’ibindi byiyemeje gutunganya umutungo no gukoresha ibikoresho byangiritse nyuma yo kubikoresha, kugabanya imyanda ihumanya ikirere, kunoza imikoreshereze yuzuye yumutungo, no guteza imbere byimazeyo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.
“Politiki yo guteza imbere inganda zikora inganda” yerekana ko ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bitavunika mu nganda z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa bigera kuri kilo 25 kuri toni y’icyuma, kandi bizagabanuka munsi y’ibiro 15 muri 2020. Muri 2020, ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bizaramba. , ingufu nyinshi, zidafite umwanda, kandi zirakora.Ibicuruzwa bizahuza ibikenewe mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu nka metallurgie, ibikoresho byubaka, imiti, n’inganda zivuka, kandi bizamura tekiniki y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Ibikoresho bivunika bifite ubwoko bwinshi nuburyo butandukanye.Birakenewe gutondekanya siyanse ibikoresho byangiritse kugirango byorohereze ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, guhitamo neza no kuyobora.Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gutondekanya ibikoresho byangiritse, harimo ibiranga imiti, gutondekanya imyunyu ngugu, gutondekanya umusaruro, no gutondekanya ibintu.
Ibyiciro:
1.Kurikije urwego rwo kwanga:
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kuvunika: 1580 ℃ ~ 1770 ℃, ibikoresho byananiranye bigezweho: 1770 ℃ ~ 2000 ℃, ibikoresho byihariye byo kuvunika:> 2000 ℃
2. Ibikoresho bivunika bishobora kugabanywamo:
Ibicuruzwa byakongejwe, ibicuruzwa bidakorewe, inganda zidafite ishusho
3. Bishyizwe mubikorwa bya shimi:
Acide ivunika, itabogamye, alkaline
4. Gutondekanya ukurikije imyunyu ngugu
Ubu buryo bwo gutondekanya bushobora kuranga mu buryo butaziguye ibigize shingiro nibiranga ibikoresho bitandukanye.Nuburyo busanzwe bwo gutondeka mubikorwa, gukoresha, nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, kandi bifite akamaro gakomeye mubikorwa.
Silica (silika), aluminium silikate, corundum, magnesia, calcium ya magnesia, aluminium magnesia, magnesia silicon, inganda za karubone, inganda za zirconium, inganda zidasanzwe
6. Gutondekanya ibikoresho bitavunitse (byashyizwe muburyo bukoreshwa)
Ibikoresho, gutera spray, ibikoresho byo gutombora, plastiki, gufata ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya projection, ibikoresho byo gusiga, ibikoresho byinyeganyega byumye, ibyuma bitembera ubwabyo, gusebanya.
Ibikoresho bitagira aho bibogamiye bigizwe ahanini na alumina, oxyde ya chromium cyangwa karubone.Igicuruzwa cya corundum kirimo alumina irenga 95% ni ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwohejuru byo kwangirika hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha.
Chiping Wanyu Inganda n’Ubucuruzi Co, Ltd, yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010, izobereye mu gukora ibicuruzwa bidashobora kwangirika kandi bitavunika: umucanga wo mu gice cya corundum cyera, ifu nziza, n’ibicuruzwa byumucanga bya granular.
Imyambarire idashobora kwambara: 8-5 #, 5-3 #, 3-1 #, 3-6 #, 1-0 #, 100-0 #, 200-0 #, 325-0 #
Umusenyi wa granular ibisobanuro: 20 #, 24 #, 36 #, 40 #, 46 #, 54 #, 60 #, 80 #, 100 #, 150 #, 180 #, 200 #, 220 #, 240 #,
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-30-2021